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Beginner’s Guide to Technical SEO: Optimizing Website Performance, Security, and User Experience

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Beginner's Guide to Technical SEO Optimizing Website Performance, Security, and User Experience (2). Dark gray background. Light gray circle, with light blue bars, white dots, lines, silver tag, dark blue background, SEO in bold white letters. Different sized cogs in silver, some with thin teeth, some with thick teeth.

Technical SEO is crucial for enhancing a website’s foundation, performance, security, and user experience, directly impacting its visibility and search ranking.

This post provides actionable insights into optimizing your website across various technical aspects. We’ll begin by discussing the role of technical SEO, then delve into Google’s Core Web Vitals and website and mobile speed optimization. Next, we’ll cover the importance of Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and structured data markup.

We will also explore XML sitemaps and robots.txt, tackle canonical URLs and duplicate content, and address crawl errors and broken links. We’ll also look at improving site architecture and navigation, ensuring accessibility and ADA compliance. This post concludes with a summary, further reading, and a FAQ section.

Affiliate Disclaimer: I’m an affiliate of Wealthy Affiliate, Jaaxy, Fiverr and Poshmark meaning I may earn a commission if you use their service through my links, at no cost to you.

Table of Contents

The Role of Technical SEO

Technical SEO plays a pivotal role in affiliate marketing—it forms the bedrock upon which your content and affiliate strategies gain visibility and recognition from search engines.

  • A well-optimized website can translate into elevated search rankings, enhanced user experiences, and increased affiliate conversions. Conversely, if search engines struggle to navigate your site or if pages load sluggishly, potential customers might never discover the affiliate products you’re promoting.
  • By prioritizing technical SEO, your website is positioned to attract search engine attention and support your affiliate marketing efforts.
Google’s Core Web Vitals
Understanding Core Web Vitals:

Core Web Vitals are essential performance metrics used by Google to assess a website’s user experience. They focus on loading performance, interactivity, and visual stability and provide valuable insights into your site’s performance and user impact.

Tools to Help You Optimize:
  • Google Search Console: This is your go-to tool for monitoring your Core Web Vitals metrics. It provides valuable insights and recommendations for improvement. Google Search Console.
  • PageSpeed Insights: This tool quickly analyzes your web pages’ performance and highlights areas that need optimization to meet Core Web Vitals standards. Google’s PageSpeed Insights.
  • Lighthouse: An open-source tool you can use directly in your browser’s developer console. It measures Core Web Vitals and guides you through fixing issues. Lighthouse (overview).
Key Metrics to Focus On:
  • Largest Contentful Paint (LCP):
    • LCP measures how quickly the largest content element on your webpage becomes visible to users. This element is often an image or a significant block of text. To ensure a positive user experience, aim for an LCP of under 2.5 seconds.
  • First Input Delay (FID):
    • FID evaluates how responsive your website is to user interactions. It measures the time it takes for a user’s initial action (e.g., clicking a button or a link) to receive a response from your site. A good target for FID is under 100 milliseconds.
  • Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS):
    • CLS assesses your webpage’s visual stability. It measures how frequently page elements unexpectedly shift, potentially causing user frustration. Aim for a low CLS score to provide a smooth user experience.
Sources:

Below, you’ll find sources where you can find more information and visuals to explain Core Web Vitals.

  • Google Web.dev – Core Web Vitals: This is Google’s official resource that provides a detailed explanation of Core Web Vitals, including LCP, FID, and CLS. It also offers visual examples and tools for testing your website’s performance. Web Vitals.
  • Google Search Console Help – Core Web Vitals Report: Google Search Console offers a Core Web Vitals report that provides insights into your website’s performance metrics. The Help Center explains how to use this tool and interpret the data. Core Web Vitals report.
  • Web Page Test: Catchpoint: This performance testing tool provides visual waterfalls of your web page’s loading process. It can help users understand LCP and other performance metrics. Web Page Test.
  • GTmetrix: another web performance testing tool that provides insights into loading times and other performance metrics. It’s useful for demonstrating the impact of optimizations. GTmetrix.
  • Chrome DevTools: Developer tools, including Core Web Vitals, can help inspect web pages and analyze their performance. You can use this tool to demonstrate how to measure and improve these metrics. Chrome DevTools.

Why Core Web Vitals Matter:

Enhanced User Experience:

Meeting Core Web Vitals benchmarks means achieving certain performance standards. When you meet these standards, your website loads faster, responds more smoothly, and doesn’t shift around unexpectedly. This improves the experience for the people visiting your site.

SEO Impact:

Google looks at Core Web Vitals to decide how well a website performs. When your website meets these standards, it’s more likely to appear higher in Google’s search results. This means more people can find your site when they search online.

How to Optimize for Core Web Vitals:
Optimize Images and Media:

Compress and optimize images and videos to reduce LCP and improve loading times.

  • Tool:
    • TinyPNG: A tool for compressing images to reduce their size without sacrificing quality.
    • ImageOptim: A tool for optimizing images by reducing file size while preserving visual quality.
Efficient Code and Scripting:

Minimize and defer non-essential JavaScript to enhance FID and make your site more responsive.

  • Tool: The specific tool for minimizing and deferring non-essential JavaScript is often done through manual coding practices rather than a single dedicated tool. However, here’s a general approach:
    • Manual JavaScript Optimization:
      • Review your website’s JavaScript code to identify non-essential scripts that may impact performance.
      • Prioritize critical JavaScript, which is required for the initial page load.
      • Defer or asynchronously load non-essential scripts to prevent them from blocking page rendering.
      • Minify and compress JavaScript files to reduce their size.

While no specific tool does all of these tasks automatically, developers typically use code editors and development tools to optimize JavaScript for performance manually. Additionally, website auditing tools like Google PageSpeed Insights and Lighthouse can recommend JavaScript optimization for their overall performance analysis.

Proper Element Sizing:

Ensure elements on your page have defined sizes to prevent layout shifts and improve CLS. While there isn’t a single dedicated tool for ensuring proper element sizing, it combines best practices in web design and development, CSS coding, and regular testing that help prevent layout shifts and improve the Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) metric.

Approach for Proper Element Sizing:

  • Avoid Dynamic Resizing: Minimize dynamic resizing of elements based on user interactions or content changes. Dynamic resizing can lead to unexpected layout shifts (CLS).
  • Media Elements: For images and videos, specify their dimensions in the HTML markup using the width and height attributes. This helps the browser allocate space for these elements during page rendering, reducing the likelihood of layout shifts.
  • Responsive Design: If your website is designed to be responsive, use techniques like CSS media queries to adapt the layout and element sizes for different screen sizes and devices. Ensure that responsive design doesn’t cause layout shifts.
  • Testing: Regularly test your web pages using browser developer and performance testing tools. Look for layout shift issues and use the tools to identify elements causing shifts. Adjust the CSS rules or HTML markup as needed to eliminate layout shifts.
  • Performance Tools: Consider using web performance tools like Google PageSpeed Insights, Lighthouse, or browser extensions to highlight layout shift issues and recommend proper element sizing.
  • CSS Rules: Review your website’s CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) rules to ensure elements have defined sizes using appropriate CSS properties. Common properties for defining element sizes include width, height, padding, and margin.
Utilize Content Delivery Networks (CDNs):

CDNs can help improve loading times, benefiting both LCP and FID.

  • Utilizing Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): CDNs are magic boosters for your website. They make it load fast for people worldwide, so your visitors don’t have to wait.
  • Make your site more responsive. That means everything happens quickly and smoothly when visitors click on things or view content.
  • Help improve the overall experience by optimizing images and videos, making your site look and feel great.
  • They even come with tools to monitor and improve your site’s performance!
Advanced:

Leveraging CDNs for Improved Loading Times and Web Vital Metrics:

  • Select a CDN Provider: Begin by choosing a reliable CDN provider. Popular CDN providers include Cloudflare, Amazon CloudFront, and others. Evaluate their offerings, pricing, and performance in your target regions.
  • Integrate CDN with Your Website: Follow the CDN provider’s instructions to integrate their services with your website. Typically, this involves configuring DNS settings to route traffic through the CDN’s network. It’s a straightforward process and often involves updating your DNS records.
  • Content Caching: CDNs excel at caching static content like images, stylesheets, and scripts. Ensure that these static assets are configured for caching through the CDN. When a user requests these assets, the CDN serves them from its nearest server, reducing latency and improving LCP.
  • Content Optimization: Many CDNs offer built-in optimization features. These features automatically compress images, minify CSS and JavaScript, and employ other techniques to reduce file sizes and enhance loading speed. This optimization benefits LCP.
  • Global Server Network: CDNs have a distributed network of servers worldwide. This network reduces the physical distance between your website’s visitors and the server, improving loading times and benefiting LCP and FID.
  • Load Balancing: CDNs often employ load balancing to distribute traffic efficiently among their servers. This ensures your website can handle concurrent requests, reducing FID by providing swift responses to user interactions.
  • Monitoring and Reporting: Most CDN providers offer monitoring and reporting tools. Regularly monitor your website’s performance through the CDN dashboard. Look for improvements in loading times and user experience.
  • Optimize Dynamic Content: While CDNs excel at caching static content, optimizing dynamic content might require additional measures. Use server-side caching, optimize your database queries, and implement other techniques to ensure efficient dynamic content delivery.

Implementing a CDN and improving the Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) and First Input Delay (FID) metrics can significantly enhance loading times. CDNs help distribute content efficiently, reduce latency, and enhance the overall user experience on your website.

Learn More:

To dive deeper into optimizing Core Web Vitals, consider exploring these resources:

  • Note: The resource “Google’s Core Web Vitals Guide” is also available in the main content section. It offers detailed information about Core Web Vitals, including visual examples and tools for testing your website’s performance. We’ve included it again so you can refer to it as needed.

By leveraging these tools and learning resources, you can enhance your website’s user experience and ensure it meets Google’s Core Web Vitals standards for better search rankings and user satisfaction.

Website and Mobile Speed Optimization
Why Speed Matters:

Speed is crucial for user satisfaction, conversion rates, and SEO rankings. For affiliate marketers, a slight delay in load time can significantly affect sales and increase bounce rates. Search engines like Google consider page speed a vital component of Technical SEO for achieving better rankings.

Measuring Website Speed:

The first step to improving your website’s speed is understanding its current performance. Tools like Google PageSpeed Insights and Google Lighthouse provide insights into various speed metrics and offer tailored advice for your site.

Core Strategies for All Devices:
1. Optimize Images:

Understanding: Utilize tools to efficiently compress images without losing quality.

Why It Matters: Smaller image sizes lead to faster website load times, enhancing user experience and SEO.

How to Implement: Use these tools to compress images before uploading them to your website.

  • TinyPNG: An image optimization tool that reduces image file sizes while maintaining high quality. It’s user-friendly and helps your website load faster by compressing images efficiently.
  • ImageOptim: Another image optimization tool known for its simplicity and effectiveness. It helps reduce image file sizes without compromising visual quality.
  • Compressor.io: A web-based tool that specializes in image compression. It allows you to upload images and compress them with various options to optimize your site’s loading speed.
2. Minify Code:

Understanding: Minifying: Reducing your CSS, JavaScript, and HTML size can significantly improve your website’s loading speed.

Why It Matters: Minimized code leads to quicker website loading, positively impacting user experience and SEO.

How to Implement: Here are some commonly used tools for each type of code:

  • JavaScript Minification:
  • HTML Minification:
    • Minifying HTML code involves removing whitespace, comments, and unnecessary tags. Here are a couple of HTML minification tools:

To use these tools, copy and paste your code into the provided text area, and the tool will output the minified version. You can then replace the original code on your website with the minified code to reduce file sizes and improve loading times.

Remember to keep backups of your original code and test the minified versions thoroughly to ensure that your website functions correctly after the minification process.

3. Leverage Browser Caching:

Understanding: Browser caching stores website data on a visitor’s browser, reducing load times on subsequent visits.

Why It Matters: It enhances the speed and performance of your website for returning visitors.

How to Implement: Use caching plugins or server-side caching solutions.

Cache Plugins: If you’re using a content management system (CMS) like WordPress, consider using cache plugins such as:

  • W3 Total Cache: A popular WordPress plugin that offers comprehensive caching options, including page cache, database cache, object cache, and more.
  • WP Super Cache: Another WordPress plugin designed to create static HTML files of your dynamic website, reducing server load and speeding up page delivery.
  • WP Rocket: A premium WordPress caching plugin known for its user-friendly interface and ability to optimize website performance with minimal configuration.

All offer both free and premium versions. These cache plugins are valuable tools for optimizing your website’s speed and ensuring a smoother user experience. Depending on your specific needs and preferences, you can choose the one that best fits your website and CMS.

Server-Side Caching: Some hosting providers offer server-side caching solutions as part of their hosting packages. This type of caching is implemented directly on the server and can significantly improve website performance.

  • Hosting Provider Caching: Many reputable hosting companies include server-side caching in their hosting plans. This means the hosting infrastructure is optimized for caching, and you may not need to install additional caching plugins or services.
  • Third-Party Caching Services: If your hosting provider doesn’t offer server-side caching or is looking for more advanced caching options, you can consider third-party caching services. These services specialize in optimizing website performance through various caching mechanisms. Some popular third-party caching services include:
  • Varnish: A powerful caching HTTP reverse proxy that can be used to cache content at the server level. It’s highly configurable and can significantly speed up your website.
  • Redis is an in-memory data store for caching. It’s known for its speed and can be integrated into your hosting environment to enhance caching capabilities.
  • Memcached: Another caching system that stores memory data to speed up retrieval. It’s often used to cache database queries and reduce server load.

Before implementing server-side caching, it’s essential to check with your hosting provider to see if it’s included in your plan. If not, you can explore third-party caching solutions and choose the one that best suits your website’s needs and hosting environment.

4. Use a CDN (Content Delivery Network):

Understanding: Distributing content across multiple servers to improve load times globally.

Why It Matters: A CDN reduces latency and speeds up content delivery to users worldwide.

How to Implement: Implement CDN services like :

  • Cloudflare: Offering free and paid plans. It provides a global network of servers to distribute your content, reducing load times for users worldwide.
  • Amazon CloudFront: If you’re using Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon CloudFront is a robust CDN service that seamlessly integrates with AWS services and offers low latency distribution.
5. Hosting Solutions:

Understanding: Choosing the right hosting solution (Dedicated, Cloud, VPS) for optimal performance.

Why It Matters: Reliable and scalable hosting ensures website stability and speed, especially during high traffic.

How to Implement: Evaluate and select hosting services based on your needs.

  • Dedicated Hosting: Dedicated hosting provides a server exclusively for your website, ensuring maximum resources and performance. Companies like Bluehost and SiteGround offer dedicated hosting plans.
  • VPS Hosting: Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting balances dedicated and shared hosting. Providers like DigitalOcean offer scalable VPS solutions.
6. HTTP/2:

Ensuring Faster Load Times with Modern Web Protocol:

Understanding HTTP/2: It allows your website to communicate more efficiently with browsers, similar to upgrading from a single-lane road to a multi-lane superhighway. Your website can send and receive multiple pieces of information simultaneously, speeding up page load times.

Why HTTP/2 Matters:

  • Faster Page Loads: HTTP/2 can load your pages much faster thanks to features like multiplexing (sending multiple requests in parallel) and header compression (reducing overhead).
  • Improved User Experience: Quicker load times lead to a smoother experience for your visitors, keeping them engaged longer.
  • SEO Benefits: Search engines favor faster websites, so using HTTP/2 can help improve your site’s search rankings.

How to Implement HTTP/2:

  1. Check Your Current Status: Use tools like HTTP/2 Test to see if your website already supports HTTP/2.
  2. Talk to Your Hosting Provider: If your site isn’t on HTTP/2, your web host might need to enable it. Most modern hosting services support HTTP/2, but it’s always good to confirm.
  3. Consider SSL/TLS: HTTP/2 requires an SSL/TLS certificate, so ensure your site is secure. Services like Let’s Encrypt offer free certificates.

Optimizing User Experience Across Devices and Speed Testing:

Mobile-Specific Considerations:
  • Responsive Design: Ensure that your website is built with a responsive design. Responsive design allows your site to adapt seamlessly to various screen sizes and orientations, providing an optimal viewing experience for mobile and desktop users.
  • Touch-Friendly Elements: Interactive elements such as buttons and links should be designed to be touch-friendly. They should be large and spaced appropriately for easy tapping and interaction on smaller touchscreen devices.
  • By implementing responsive design and touch-friendly elements, you can enhance the mobile user experience and cater to the growing number of users accessing websites via smartphones and tablets. This can increase engagement and improve overall user satisfaction on mobile devices.
Desktop-Specific Considerations:
  • Hover States: Interactive elements should have clear hover states for desktop users.
Utilizing Google’s Tools for Enhanced Speed and Experience:
  • Google PageSpeed Insights: Offers performance assessments and actionable advice for mobile and desktop. Google PageSpeed Insights.
  • Google Lighthouse: Provides automated performance checks and best practice audits. Google Lighthouse.
Actionable Steps for Affiliate Marketers:
  1. Run Speed Tests: Identify what’s slowing down your site with the mentioned tools.
  2. Prioritize Quick Fixes: Start with tasks like image optimization and code minification.
  3. Monitor Regularly: Continuously track performance and update as needed to maintain a fast-loading site.

A fast-loading site is more likely to retain visitors and lead to conversions, a cornerstone of successful affiliate marketing.

Backing Up Your Website:

Before making any technical enhancements or changes to your affiliate marketing website, you must emphasize the importance of regularly backing up your site. Website backups act as a safety net, allowing you to restore your site to a previous state in case anything goes wrong during updates or modifications. Effective website backup:

  • Choose a Backup Method: Decide on a backup method that suits your website. You can create backups using plugins, hosting provider tools, or manual methods.
  • Backup Frequency: Establish a backup schedule. Depending on how frequently you update your website, consider daily, weekly, or monthly backups. The more regularly you update, the more often you should back up.
  • Select Backup Storage: Determine where you’ll store your backups. Common options include your hosting server, cloud storage services like Dropbox or Google Drive, or external storage devices.
  • Automatic Backup: If available, enable automatic backups through your hosting provider or a trusted plugin. This ensures regular and hassle-free backups.
  • Manual Backup: If you prefer manual control, create backups manually using your chosen method. Be consistent with your schedule.
  • Verify Backup Integrity: Periodically verify that your backups are complete and intact. This ensures that you can rely on them when needed.
  • Test Restoration: To be fully prepared, practice restoring your website from a backup in a test environment. This will help you understand the process and ensure your backups work correctly.

Remember, the key to successful website backups is consistency and thoroughness. Regularly create and verify backups to safeguard your affiliate marketing site.

Incorporating Google’s Page Experience Standards into Speed Optimization:

Understanding Page Experience: Google’s Page Experience standards are crucial for your website’s ranking. These standards include factors like how fast your pages load, how mobile-friendly they are, and site security. A better page experience helps with SEO and keeps users happy.

Key Elements of Google’s Page Experience:

  • Core Web Vitals: Measures of usability like load time and content stability.
  • Mobile-Friendliness: Your site should work well on phones and tablets.
  • Safe Browsing: Your site should be secure and free from harmful content.
  • HTTPS: A secure protocol that protects user data.
  • No Intrusive Interstitials: Avoid pop-ups that block your content.
Actionable Steps for Technical SEO:
  1. Check Core Web Vitals: Use PageSpeed Insights to see how your site measures up.
  2. Test Mobile Responsiveness: Use Lighthouse (overview) for mobile usability testing.
  3. Secure Your Site with HTTPS: Check security with Google’s Search Console (overview) and switch to HTTPS.
  4. Review for Intrusive Interstitials: Ensure ads or pop-ups don’t block your content.

Note: I’ve included overviews with some of these links so you can learn about the tools and how they work before you use them. It’s important to be cautious when adding new plugins, apps, or tools to your website. They can sometimes conflict with existing tools or the core functionality of your site, leading to issues such as slower page load times, security vulnerabilities, or even breaking your site entirely.

Google’s Page Speed Insight: SEO Update (2023):

Page speed is still a ranking factor for Google. It’s one of several signals that Google uses to gauge page experience. Although the impact of page speed can vary, it’s a crucial element to consider in SEO.

For more details on page speed and its role in Google’s search results, see “Understanding Page Experience in Google Search Results.”

Core Web Vitals are key to a satisfactory user experience and are factored into Google’s search rankings. Learning about and improving these vitals is important for your site’s search performance. For further information, visit “Understanding Core Web Vitals and Google Search Results.”

Alternatives to Google :

Many tools exist if you’re concerned about privacy, seeking data from various sources, or want to see how your site performs beyond Google.

Here’s a list of some non-Google tools for a well-rounded approach to Technical SEO:

  • Bing Webmaster Tools- Home Similar to Google Search Console, Bing’s version provides site analysis, reports, and diagnostic tools to help you understand your site’s performance in Bing search results.
    • Cost: Free.
  • Yandex Webmaster—Home This tool is provided by the Russian search engine Yandex and offers insights similar to those of Google Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools.
    • Cost: Free.
  • Screaming Frog SEO Spider: A desktop program that crawls website URLs to analyze and audit technical and onsite SEO. It’s a powerful tool for comprehensive SEO audits.
    • Cost: The free version is available; the paid version offers more advanced features (pricing).
  • Moz Pro – Home: An all-in-one suite of SEO tools that help with site audits, keyword research, and more. Moz also provides a lot of educational content and community forums.
    • Cost: Paid with a free trial available (pricing).
  • Ahrefs: A toolset for SEO and marketing running on Big Data. It includes tools for link building, keyword research, competitor analysis, rank tracking, and site audits.
    • Cost: Primarily paid, but offers some free tools (pricing).
  • SEMrush: A comprehensive tool that provides analytics for SEO, PPC, content, social media, and competitive research.
    • Cost: Paid with a free trial available; a limited free version is also available (pricing).
  • GTmetrix: A tool that analyzes the loading speed of your web pages and provides actionable recommendations based on the results.
    • Cost: Free basic service; more advanced features require a paid subscription (pricing).
  • Pingdom Offers website monitoring and performance tools, including speed testing and uptime monitoring.
    • Cost: Paid service with a free trial period (pricing).
  • WebPageTest is an open-source project that is particularly good for understanding a site’s performance across browsers and countries.
  • Hotjar: Provides heatmaps, session recordings, and surveys to help understand user behavior and improve website usability.
    • Cost: Free basic plan; more advanced features require a paid subscription (pricing).
  • W3C Validator: A service that checks the markup validity of web documents in HTML, XHTML, SMIL, MathML, etc.
    • Cost: Free.
  • Cloudflare: While known for its CDN services, Cloudflare also offers security features and can improve site performance.
    • Cost: Free basic service; additional features available in paid plans (pricing).
  • Matomo (formerly Piwik): An open-source analytics platform that provides insights into your website’s visitors, search engines, keywords, etc.
    • Cost: Free self-hosted version; cloud-hosted version is paid (pricing).
  • WooRank: A tool that provides SEO audits, website reviews, personalized tips for improving traffic, and digital marketing insights.
    • Cost: Paid service with a limited free version (pricing).

These tools offer valuable insights and can be used to view your site’s SEO performance. They’re excellent resources for those looking to expand their toolkit and gain insights from various angles of web optimization.

When selecting tools, consider the following:
  • Your Goals: What specific SEO tasks are you looking to accomplish? Do you need comprehensive site audits, keyword research, competitive analysis, or something else?
  • Features vs. Necessity: Determine which features are must-haves versus nice-to-haves. Free versions may cover all the essentials you need.
  • Ease of Use: Consider how user-friendly the tool is. A complex tool may not be the best choice if it requires a steep learning curve and you have limited time.
  • Integration: Check if the tool integrates well with other software you use.
  • Support and Community: Look for tools with strong customer support and an active user community, especially for paid tools.
  • Budget: Determine how much you are willing to spend. Remember that the most expensive tool is not always the best fit for your needs.

It’s often a good idea to start with free versions or trials to test a tool’s effectiveness for your specific context before committing to a paid subscription. Many tools offer enough functionality in their free versions for small to medium-sized sites. As your needs grow, you can consider investing in more advanced features.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
The Importance of HTTPS for Security and Trust:

In today’s online world, security is a top concern. Users want assurance that their data remains safe, particularly when dealing with sensitive website information. HTTPS, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, is pivotal in providing this security.

HTTPS encrypts the data exchanged between a user’s web browser and a website, keeping sensitive information confidential. Its significance lies in:

  • Data Protection: HTTPS safeguards user data, such as login credentials and payment information, from potential eavesdroppers and hackers. Without HTTPS, this data can be at risk of interception.
  • User Trust: A padlock icon or “Secure” label in the browser’s address bar instills confidence in users. Trust is crucial for building a loyal audience and encouraging engagement.
  • SEO Benefits: Search engines, including Google, prioritize websites with HTTPS. Google considers it a ranking factor, which means implementing HTTPS can positively impact your SEO efforts.
Free and Paid SSL Certificates:

Securing your website with SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is crucial for security and building user trust, especially for affiliate sites handling sensitive data. Fortunately, there are options for both free and paid SSL certificates, making them accessible to everyone.

  • Free SSL Certificates: Some hosting providers offer free SSL certificates, simplifying securing your website with HTTPS. These certificates suit most websites and provide essential security and trust benefits.
  • Paid SSL Certificates: Alternatively, you can opt for paid SSL certificates offering additional features and benefits. Paid certificates are issued by reputable Certificate Authorities (CAs) and may include:
    • Extended Validation (EV) Certificates: These provide the highest level of trust and security, displaying your organization’s name prominently in the browser’s address bar.
    • Wildcard Certificates: They cover multiple subdomains with a single certificate, making them ideal for larger websites.
    • Multi-domain (SAN) Certificates allow you to secure multiple domains with one certificate.
    • Warranty: Some paid certificates include a warranty that covers potential financial losses in case of a security breach.

When choosing between free and paid SSL certificates, carefully evaluate your website’s requirements and budget. Different certificates offer varying trust, security, and features, so choose the one that best fits your needs.

Implementing SSL:

After deciding between free and paid SSL certificates, you can proceed with the implementation process:

  1. Select an SSL Certificate: Choose the type of SSL certificate that suits your website’s needs.
  2. Purchase the SSL Certificate: If you opt for a paid certificate, buy it from a trusted certificate authority (CA). Some hosting providers may also offer paid SSL certificates.
  3. Install the Certificate: Follow your hosting provider’s or CA’s instructions to install the SSL certificate. They typically offer easy-to-follow steps or may handle the installation for you.
  4. Update Website Settings: After installation, make the necessary adjustments in your content management system (CMS) or website builder to ensure your website uses HTTPS.
  5. Testing and Monitoring: Verify that everything functions correctly by testing your website’s SSL implementation. Additionally, monitor the certificate’s expiration date and renew it as needed.

By implementing SSL on your affiliate marketing website, you enhance security, improve SEO rankings, and gain user trust, all of which contribute to the success and credibility of your online business.

SSL certificates and web security are critical topics for website owners and online businesses. Educating yourself on SSL certificates can help you make informed decisions about securing your website and user data.

Resources:
SSL Certificate Providers’ Websites:

Many SSL certificate providers, such as SecureCertify SSL (knowledgebase), offer detailed documentation and guides on their websites. They often have FAQs, knowledge bases, and educational articles that explain different types of SSL certificates, their features, and how to install them.

Online Tutorials and Courses:

Numerous online tutorials and courses are dedicated to SSL certificates and web security. These courses can be taken at beginner to advanced levels.

  • Udemy: SSL Certificates and web security
    • The cost of courses on Udemy varies widely, depending on the specific course and instructor.
    • Offers Free to Paid
      • Additionally, once you purchase a course on Udemy, you typically have lifetime access to the course materials, including any updates made by the instructor.
      • Udemy frequently offers discounts and promotions.
      • Learn More: Udemy
  • LinkedIn Learning: SSL certificates and web security
    • LinkedIn offers both free and premium subscription plans.
Blog, Knowledgebase, Learning Center:
  • SSL.com: SSL.com offers a range of articles and guides that explain SSL certificates and their importance in web security. They provide information in a user-friendly manner that is suitable for beginners. Website: SSL.com.
  • GlobalSign Blog: GlobalSign’s blog covers various topics related to SSL certificates, web security, and encryption. They often publish articles that are accessible to those new to the subject.
  • Cloudflare Learning Center: Cloudflare’s Learning Center includes articles on SSL/TLS and web security. They provide educational content suitable for beginners and more advanced users.
  • DigiCert Blog: DigiCert’s blog features articles on SSL certificates and cybersecurity. They often break down complex topics into digestible pieces for readers of all levels.
News Sites and Industry Publications:

If you’re looking for news sites and industry publications related to SSL certificates, web security, and online privacy, here are a few examples:

  • Search Engine Journal: This publication often covers topics related to web security, including updates on SSL certificates and cybersecurity best practices.
  • SecurityWeek: A leading source of news and insights on cybersecurity, including SSL certificate-related news and industry trends.
  • The Hacker News: Provides breaking news, analysis, and updates on cybersecurity, including vulnerabilities, breaches, and SSL-related topics.
  • Krebs on Security: This blog by cybersecurity journalist Brian Krebs covers various security-related topics, including SSL certificate issues and online threats.
  • Dark Reading: A cybersecurity news and information portal that covers various aspects of web security, including SSL certificate updates and industry news.

SSL certificates and web security are critical topics for website owners and online businesses. Educating yourself can help you make informed decisions about securing your website and user data.

Structured Data Markup
What is structured data, and how does it benefit SEO?

Structured data, also known as schema markup or schema.org markup, is a form of metadata added to a webpage’s HTML code to provide search engines with specific information about the page’s content.

This markup helps search engines better understand the context of the content, leading to improved search engine rankings and enhanced visibility in search results. Structured data benefits SEO in several ways:

  • Rich Snippets: By implementing structured data, you can enable the display of rich snippets in search results. Rich snippets include additional information like star ratings, product prices, event dates, etc. They make your listings stand out and attract more clicks from users.
  • Enhanced SERP Features: Structured data can strengthen search engine results page (SERP) features, such as knowledge panels, carousels, and featured snippets. These features offer valuable information to users directly on the search results page.
  • Improved Click-Through Rates (CTR): Rich snippets and enhanced SERP features can significantly increase your click-through rates. Users are more likely to click on results that provide additional information and context.
  • Better Understanding of Content: Structured data helps search engines better understand the content on your pages, leading to higher rankings for relevant search queries.
Introduction to Schema.org and the types of structured data relevant to affiliate marketers:

Schema.org is a collaborative effort by major search engines like Google, Bing, Yahoo, and Yandex to create a standard vocabulary for structured data markup. It provides a wide range of schemas (types) that can be used to mark up various types of content.

For affiliate marketers, several types of structured data can be highly relevant:

  • Product Schema: If your affiliate marketing involves promoting products, using Product Schema can provide detailed information about the products you’re promoting, including price, availability, and reviews.
  • Review Schema: If you review products or services on your website, Review Schema allows you to mark up your reviews with star ratings and key information.
  • Article Schema: If you publish articles related to affiliate products or services, Article Schema can provide structured data to highlight key details about your articles.
  • Event Schema: If you promote events or webinars as part of your affiliate marketing strategy, Event Schema can help you provide essential event details in search results.
  • Breadcrumb Schema: Breadcrumb Schema can help improve site navigation and provide clear paths for users and search engines to understand your website’s structure.

How to implement and test structured data:

Implementing structured data on your website involves several steps:

  1. Identify the Appropriate Schema: Determine which type of schema markup is suitable for the content you want to mark up. You can explore Schema.org for a comprehensive list of available schemas.
  2. Add Markup to Your HTML: Incorporate structured data markup into your web page’s HTML code. You can use JSON-LD, microdata, or RDFa formats to implement schema markup.
  3. Structured Data Testing: After adding the markup, it is crucial to test it for errors and accuracy. Google’s Structured Data Testing Tool (formerly the Structured Data Markup Helper) can help validate your markup.
  4. Monitor Performance: Once implemented, monitor how the structured data affects your search engine rankings, click-through rates, and search appearance. Make adjustments as needed to optimize results.

By effectively implementing structured data on your affiliate marketing website, you can enhance your SEO efforts, increase visibility in search results, and provide users with more valuable information, ultimately boosting your affiliate marketing success.

Google’s Rich Results Test: Your Tool for Structured Data:

Google has replaced the Structured Data Testing Tool with the Rich Results Test. This new tool is designed to help you validate your structured data and preview the appearance of your potential search results.

Benefits of the Rich Results Test:

  • It provides a more accurate representation of how Google interprets your structured data.
  • Highlights issues that could prevent the display of rich snippets.

How to Use the Rich Results Test:

  1. Go to the Rich Results Test page.
  2. Enter the URL or code snippet of the page you want to test.
  3. Click ‘Test URL’ or ‘Test Code’ to run the test.

Interpreting the Results:

  • The tool will show any errors or suggestions for your structured data.
  • You’ll see a preview of how your page may appear in search results if eligible.

Tips for Using Rich Results:

  • Address any errors the tool identifies.
  • Look into the types of rich results relevant to your content and optimize for them.

Transitioning from the Structured Data Testing Tool:

  • The Rich Results Test is straightforward and offers clearer guidance than the previous tool.

Maintaining Structured Data:

  • Regularly check your pages with the Rich Results Test, especially after updates.

Tools and Resources:

Learning More:

  • Schema.org: Visit Schema.org for a complete list of schemas.
  • Google’s Structured Data Guidelines: Follow Google’s guidelines for best practices.
  • Schema Markup Examples: See examples of schema markup at SchemaApp.
  • Structured Data on Moz: Learn about structured data on Moz.
XML Sitemaps and Robots.txt
XML Sitemaps: Ensuring Complete Indexing:

They are critical for SEO because they act as a roadmap for search engines to find and index your content. Here’s what you need to know:

  • Efficiency: They streamline the crawling process, allowing search engines to find new and updated pages quickly.
  • Coverage: Sitemaps ensure that all your pages, particularly the ones that aren’t well-linked internally, can be indexed.
  • Updates: They alert search engines to changes on your site, helping new content get indexed faster.
Creating XML Sitemaps:
  • Structure: Keep your sitemap updated and formatted correctly.
  • Inclusion: List all pages you want indexed, especially new or updated content.
  • Prioritization: Use the <priority> tag to signal which pages are most important.
  • Submission: Submit your sitemap using webmaster tools like Google Search Console.
Robots.txt: Directing the Crawl Traffic:

Robots.txt files guide search engine bots on where they can and can’t go on your site. Here’s their significance:

  • Control: Direct bots away from non-essential pages to focus on the content that matters.
  • Resource Management: Save bandwidth by preventing bots from crawling heavy or less important sections.
  • SEO Focus: Guide search engines to your valuable content for better SEO results.
Managing Robots.txt:
  • Accuracy: Regularly check to ensure you’re not accidentally blocking important content.
  • Clarity: Comment on your directives to keep track of their purposes.
  • Updates: Review and update the file per your site’s structure changes.
  • Testing: Use tools like Google’s robots.txt Tester to confirm your file is working as intended.
Takeaways:

By effectively managing your XML sitemaps and robots.txt files, you’re ensuring search engines work with you, not against you, in getting your content out there. Keep these files in check, and they’ll serve as the backbone of your site’s relationship with search engines.

Tools for Sitemaps and Crawling:
  • Google Search Console: Essential for monitoring how your site is indexed and how Googlebot interacts with it. Use it to submit sitemaps and check for crawl errors. Google Search Console.
  • XML Sitemap Generators: Automate the creation of sitemaps. Various online tools can generate a sitemap for you, often for free. XML SiteMap.
  • Robots.txt Testers: Google’s Robots Testing Tool, for instance, allows you to validate your robots.txt file, ensuring that you’re not inadvertently blocking important pages from being crawled. Google’s Robots Testing Tool
Resources:
  • Google’s Sitemaps Documentation: Google’s guide to sitemaps is a must-read. It provides the official word on how to create and submit sitemaps. Learn about sitemaps.
  • Yoast SEO on Robots.txt: If you’re using WordPress, Yoast SEO’s guide is a practical resource for configuring your robots.txt file. Yoast’s guide to robots.txt.
  • Moz’s Robots.txt Guide: For a deep dive, Moz’s guide covers all the nuances of robots.txt files, including syntax, directives, and common use cases. Moz’s Guide to Robots.txt.
Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content

Managing canonical URLs and addressing duplicate content is critical for maintaining the integrity of your site’s SEO.

Here’s a guide to help you navigate these issues:

Understanding Canonical URLs:
  • Purpose: Canonical URLs help search engines understand which version of a content piece is the primary one, thus preventing issues related to content being available through multiple URLs.
  • Impact: Proper use of canonical URLs consolidates ranking signals and avoids dilution caused by duplicate content, which can improve your site’s SEO performance.
Implementing Canonical Tags:
  1. Identify Duplicate Content: Look for pages with identical or very similar content.
  2. Select the Canonical Version: Decide which version is the most authoritative and should be indexed.
  3. Apply the Canonical Tag: Add <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.example.com/main-content-page" /> to the <head> section of duplicate pages, replacing the href value with the URL of your chosen canonical page.
  4. Verify Implementation: Use SEO tools to ensure search engines correctly implement and recognize your canonical tags.
Tools for Managing Canonicals and Duplicate Content:
  • Google Search Console: Use it to detect and manage duplicate content and canonical issues. Google Search Console.
  • Screaming Frog SEO Spider: A comprehensive tool for auditing your site for duplicate content and reviewing canonical tags. Screaming Frog SEO Spider.
  • Yoast SEO for WordPress: This plugin simplifies setting canonical URLs on your WordPress site. Yoast SEO Plugin.
Educational Resources:
  • Google’s Canonical Guide: Google’s official documentation on how and when to use canonical tags. Learn about canonical URLs.
  • Moz’s Guide to Canonicalization: A detailed guide that explains the nuances of canonical URLs and their SEO implications. Moz’s Canonicalization Guide.

Addressing Crawl Errors and Broken Links:

Crawl errors and broken links significantly impact your site’s SEO and user experience. Understanding and effectively addressing their impact is crucial for maintaining a healthy, search-engine-friendly website.

  • Search Engine Crawling: Crawl errors can hinder search engines from accessing and indexing your content, which is vital for visibility in search results.
  • User Experience: Broken links lead to a poor user experience, increasing bounce rates and potentially diminishing your site’s value in the eyes of both users and search engines.
  • SEO Impact: A site riddled with crawl errors and broken links may be perceived as outdated or poorly maintained, negatively affecting your search rankings.
  • Google Search Console: This tool can help you spot crawl errors and broken links that Google’s crawlers encounter, allowing you to take corrective action. Google Search Console.
  • Screaming Frog SEO Spider: A crawler that can identify broken links (404 errors) and other onsite issues. Screaming Frog SEO Spider.
  • Regular Audits: Conduct site audits to identify and fix broken links and crawl errors. This proactive approach ensures that issues are addressed before significantly impacting your SEO or user experience.
  • 301 Redirects: Implement 301 redirects for broken links that have moved to new URLs. This helps retain link equity and guides users and search engines to the correct location.
  • Update or Remove: Regularly update links to point to the correct URLs. Removing the links is better to avoid leading users to dead ends if the content no longer exists.
  • Monitor Error Reports: Closely look at error reports in tools like Google Search Console. Addressing issues promptly can prevent them from escalating and impacting your site’s performance.
  • SEO and User Experience Synergy: Remember, addressing these issues is not just about appeasing search engines; it’s also about ensuring a smooth, enjoyable experience for your visitors. A site that’s easy to navigate and error-free is more likely to retain visitors and convert them into customers or followers.
Site Architecture and Navigation

Site architecture and navigation are essential for a positive user experience and effective SEO. Here’s a guide on how to optimize your website’s structure:

Enhancing User Engagement:
  • Intuitive Design: A well-structured site with intuitive navigation encourages users to explore more, reducing bounce rates and increasing the likelihood of conversions.
  • Clear Pathways: Design each page to logically lead to another relevant section or action, guiding users toward your desired outcomes.

Maximizing SEO Benefits:

  • Improved Crawling and Indexing: A logical site structure allows search engines to crawl and index your site more effectively, understanding the relevance and relationship between pages.
  • Hierarchical Layout: Organize your content in a hierarchy from broad to specific to guide both users and search engines.

Optimizing for Mobile Users:

  • Responsive Design: Ensure your site is responsive to accommodate mobile users.
  • Lighthouse: This tool evaluates and improves your site’s performance on mobile devices.

Navigation Best Practices:

  • Consistent Menus: Keep navigation menus clear and consistent across all pages.
  • Descriptive URLs: Use clean, descriptive URLs that reflect the page content and hierarchy.
  • Breadcrumb Navigation: Include breadcrumb trails to help users navigate your site and understand their location.

Technical and Accessibility Considerations:

  • Internal Linking: Smart internal linking connects content and spreads link equity throughout your site.
  • Accessible Navigation: Ensure your site’s navigation is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities.

Regular Audits and Updates:

  • Monitor User Behavior: Use tools like Google Analytics to track user behavior and navigation patterns.
  • Site Audits: Conduct regular site audits to identify and fix navigational issues, broken links, or outdated content.

Tools and Resources:

  • Google Analytics: Use to track user behavior and navigation patterns. Google Analytics.
  • Google Search Console: Helps understand how search engines view your site structure. Google Search Console.
  • Yoast SEO: A WordPress plugin that aids in improving site structure. Yoast SEO.
  • SEMrush: Offers site audits to identify structural SEO issues. SEMrush.
  • Ahrefs: Analyzes internal links and site structure. Ahrefs.
  • Lighthouse: Tests for mobile responsiveness and user experience. Lighthouse.
Accessibility and ADA Compliance

Understanding the Importance of Web Accessibility:

Web accessibility is crucial to making your website usable by individuals with disabilities. It’s a legal requirement in many cases (e.g., ADA) and a matter of inclusivity and ethics.

Here are key accessibility considerations:

  • Alt Text for Images: Provide descriptive alt text for images to assist users with visual impairments who rely on screen readers.
  • Keyboard Navigation: Ensure that all interactive elements and functionalities are accessible via keyboard navigation to accommodate users who cannot use a mouse.
  • Contrast and Readability: Maintain proper contrast between text and background colors to improve readability for users with visual disabilities.
  • Heading Structure: Use appropriate heading tags (e.g., h1, h2) to establish a clear content hierarchy, aiding screen reader users and search engines.
  • Accessible Forms: Implement accessible form elements, including labels and error messages, to assist users with disabilities in completing forms.
  • Testing and Compliance: Regularly test your website for accessibility and strive to meet established standards such as WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) or ADA compliance.

Accessibility and User Experience: It’s important to note that accessibility enhancements not only cater to users with disabilities but also contribute to a better overall user experience. Improved contrast, clear headings, and keyboard navigation benefit all users, making your site more user-friendly.

ADA Compliance and Regulations:

Ensuring that your website is accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities, is not just a matter of goodwill but a legal requirement.

  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) lays down specific regulations and guidelines for web accessibility, and adhering to these standards is crucial for ethical and legal reasons.

Why ADA Compliance Matters:

  • Inclusivity: ADA compliance ensures that your website is accessible to individuals with disabilities, including those with visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive impairments. This inclusivity reflects your commitment to serving all potential users.
  • Legal Obligation: ADA compliance is not optional; it’s a legal requirement. Non-compliance can result in legal action, fines, and damage to your reputation. Ensuring accessibility is a proactive step to avoid legal issues.
  • Improved User Experience: Accessibility improvements often benefit all users. Features like clear navigation, well-structured content, and text alternatives for images enhance the user experience for everyone.
Key ADA Requirements for Website Accessibility:
  • Alternative Text for Images: Provide descriptive alt text for images, ensuring that screen readers can convey the information to visually impaired users.
  • Keyboard Accessibility: Ensure that all interactive elements can be accessed and operated using a keyboard alone, without relying on a mouse or touch screen.
  • Clear and Consistent Navigation: Your website’s navigation should have a logical and consistent structure to help users find content easily.
  • Accessible Forms: Create forms that are usable by individuals with disabilities, including proper labeling, error messages, and keyboard navigation.
  • Document Accessibility: Make PDFs and other documents accessible by providing text versions or using proper document structure and tagging.
Resources for ADA Compliance:
  • ADA.gov: The official website of the U.S. Department of Justice provides comprehensive information about ADA regulations and compliance. ADA.gov.
  • WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices Guide: This guide offers practical examples and advice on using WAI-ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) to enhance the accessibility of dynamic web content. WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices Guide.
  • WebAIM: A non-profit organization dedicated to web accessibility. Their website provides valuable resources, tutorials, and tools to help you understand and implement accessibility best practices. WebAIM (Web Accessibility in Mind).
  • A11y Project: The A11y Project is an open-source initiative that offers articles, tutorials, and checklists for creating accessible web content. It covers a wide range of accessibility topics. A11y Project.
  • Color Contrast Checkers: These tools help you check the color contrast of text and background elements on your website to ensure readability for individuals with visual impairments. Websites: WebAIM Color Contrast Checker and Accessible Colors.

These resources offer a foundation for learning about ADA compliance and web accessibility. Whether you’re a web developer, designer, content creator, or business owner, understanding and implementing accessibility best practices is essential for creating an inclusive online environment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, let’s recap the key elements of our discussion on Technical SEO for Affiliate Marketing:

  • Website and Mobile Speed Optimization: Prioritize website and mobile performance to enhance user experience and SEO rankings.
  • Secure Sockets Layer (SSL): Implement SSL certificates to ensure web security and gain user trust.
  • Structured Data Markup: Utilize structured data to improve search engine understanding and visibility.
  • XML Sitemaps and Robots.txt: Optimize site crawling and indexing through sitemaps and robots.txt files.
  • Canonical URLs and Duplicate Content: Prevent duplicate content issues using canonical URLs effectively.
  • Crawl Errors and Broken Links: Identify and rectify crawl errors and broken links for a seamless user experience and improved SEO.
  • Site Architecture and Navigation: Create a logical site structure and user-friendly navigation for enhanced UX and SEO.
  • Accessibility and ADA Compliance: Ensure web accessibility to cater to a diverse audience and comply with regulations.

Consider implementing these technical SEO strategies that can help strengthen your online presence, improve user experience, and drive better results.

Share Your Journey and Tips:

We would love to hear about your experiences and any tips you have to share! What technical SEO strategies do you use? What challenges have you faced, and what successes have you celebrated? Your insights can inspire and help others in the community. Share your stories, tips, and advice in the comments below.

Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the significance of a logical site structure for user experience and SEO?
A1: A logical site structure is crucial for user experience (UX) and SEO. It ensures user-friendly navigation, helps search engines understand content hierarchy, reduces bounce rates, supports mobile optimization, and aids in content discoverability.

Q2: What are some best practices for site navigation and URL structure?
A2: Best practices include using clear and consistent navigation menus, organizing content hierarchically, optimizing URLs, implementing internal linking, ensuring mobile-friendly design, optimizing page speed, and utilizing breadcrumb navigation and XML sitemaps.

Q3: What are breadcrumb navigation plugins, and how can they benefit websites?
A3: Breadcrumb navigation plugins are tools often used in CMS platforms that help implement breadcrumb navigation. They enhance the user experience by providing a clear path to previous pages, aiding users and search engines in understanding a site’s structure.

Q4: How can ADA compliance benefit websites and online businesses?
A4: ADA compliance ensures that websites are accessible to individuals with disabilities, creating a more inclusive online experience. It can expand the audience, improve search engine rankings, reduce legal risks, enhance user satisfaction, and demonstrate social responsibility.

Q5: What are some common web accessibility guidelines?
A5: Common web accessibility guidelines include the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in the United States. These guidelines provide standards and best practices for making web content accessible.

Q6: How can website owners ensure their sites are ADA-compliant?
A6: Website owners can ensure ADA compliance by following web accessibility guidelines like WCAG, conducting accessibility audits, testing with assistive technologies, providing accessible content, and seeking expert guidance.

Q7: What are some common accessibility issues that websites may face?
A7: Common accessibility issues include lack of alternative image text, inadequate color contrast, keyboard navigation difficulties, inaccessible forms, and absence of semantic HTML markup.

Q8: Why is web accessibility important for businesses and website owners?
A8: Web accessibility is essential as it ensures equal access to online content for individuals with disabilities, expands the audience, improves SEO, reduces legal risks, and demonstrates a commitment to inclusivity and social responsibility.

Q9: How can I test my website’s accessibility?
A9: You can test your website’s accessibility using tools like the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool for automated testing and screen reader software like NVDA and JAWS for manual testing. These tools help identify and address accessibility issues.

Thank You for Reading!

Have any thoughts or questions? I’d love to hear from you.

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Website: Marketing with Kerri 

Email:  kerri.o@marketingwithkerri.com

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Until Next Time,

Kerri

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